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Sai Baba of Shirdi
Sai Baba of Shirdi (28 September 1835 – 15 October 1918; resided in Shirdi), also known as Shirdi Sai Baba, was an Indian spiritual master who was and is regarded by his devotees as a saint, fakir, and ''satguru'', according to their individual proclivities and beliefs. He was revered by both his Hindu and Muslim devotees, and during, as well as after, his life it remained uncertain if he was a Hindu or a Muslim himself. This however was of no consequence to Sai Baba himself. Sai Baba stressed the importance of surrender to the guidance of the true ''Satguru'' or ''Murshid'', who, having gone the path to divine consciousness himself, will lead the disciple through the jungle of spiritual training.〔Sri Sai Satcharitra〕
Sai Baba is worshipped by people around the world. He had no love for perishable things and his sole concern was self-realization.
He taught a moral code of love, forgiveness, helping others, charity, contentment, inner peace, and devotion to God and guru. He gave no distinction based on religion or caste. Sai Baba's teaching combined elements of Hinduism and Islam: he gave the Hindu name ''Dwarakamayi'' to the mosque he lived in, practised Muslim rituals, taught using words and figures that drew from both traditions, and was buried in Shirdi. One of his well known epigrams, "''Sabka Malik Ek''" ("One God governs all"), is associated with Hinduism, Islam and Sufism. He also said, ''"Trust in me and your prayer shall be answered"''. He always uttered ''"Allah Malik"'' ("God is King").〔
==Background==
No verifiable information is given regarding Sai Baba's real name, place or time of birth. When asked about his past, he often gave elusive responses. The name "Sai" was given to him upon his arrival at Shirdi, a town in the west Indian state of Maharashtra. Mahalsapati, a local temple priest, recognised him as a Muslim saint and greeted him with the words 'Ya Sai!', meaning 'Welcome Sai!'. ''Sai'' or ''Sayi'' is a Persian title given to Sufi saints, meaning 'poor one'〔Rigopoulos,''The Life and Teachings of Sai Baba of Shirdi''〕 and in Banjara language, "sayi" means good one. The honorific "Baba" means "father; grandfather; old man; sir" in most Indian and Middle Eastern languages. Thus Sai Baba denotes "holy father", "saintly father" or "poor old man".〔 Alternatively, the Sindhi and Urdu word "sāī.n" (سائیں), an honorific title for a virtuoso, a saint, or a feudal lord (i.e. a patron), is derived from the Persian word "sāyeh", which literally means "shadow" but figuratively refers to patronage or protection. The Hindi-Urdu word "sāyā" comes from the same borrowing. Thus, it could also mean "Master Father." However, ''Sāī'' may also be an acronym of the Sanskrit term "Sakshat Eshwar", a reference to God. ''Sakshat'' means "incarnate" and Eshwar means "God".Some of Sai Baba's disciples became famous as spiritual figures and saints, such as Mahalsapati, a priest of the Khandoba temple in Shirdi, and Upasni Maharaj. He was revered by other saints, such as Saint Bidkar Maharaj, Saint Gangagir, Saint Janakidas Maharaj, and Sati Godavari Mataji.〔Ruhela, S. P. (ed), ''Truth in Controversies about Sri Shirdi Sai Baba'', Faridabad, Indian Publishers Distributors, 2000. ISBN 81-7341-121-2〕〔Dabholkar, Govind Raghunath, ''Shri Sai Satcharita: the life and teachings of Shirdi Sai Baba'' (1999)〕 Sai Baba referred to several saints as 'my brothers', especially the disciples of Swami Samartha of Akkalkot.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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